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The U.S. political parties

Introduction

The United States is usually classified as a representative democracy. What is that?

In a literal sense democracy half government by the people. The word democracy originated in two Greek roots-demos, meaning "the people" or "common people", and Kratie, which means "ruler." Of course, in general, populous nations, rule by all the people is impractical at the national level. It would be impossible for more than 246 million Americans to vote on all important issues that come before Congress. Therefore, democracies are generally maintained through a sharing modality known as target = "_blank"> representative democracy, in which certain individuals are selected to speak for the people.

The United States is commonly classified as a representative democracy, as Americans elect members Congress and state legislatures to handle the task of writing the laws.

Unlike monarchies, oligarchies and dictatorships, the democratic way implies an opposition government that is tolerated or, indeed, encouraged to exist. In the United States, there are two main political parties-the Democrats and Republicans, and as several minor parties. Sociologists use the political party to refer to an organization whose objectives are to promote candidates for office popular, the advancement of an ideology as reflected in positions on political issues, win elections and exercise of power.

So in my report I'd like to tell story of the donkey and the elephant in America. Also I used to think there's political parties in the U.S., except the Democrats and Republicans, but the error was changed because in the report.

The two main parties:

The Democratic Party (DNC) Today

After the 2002 elections, Democrats control of several key governorships (including PA, MI, IL, Virginia, New Jersey, NC and WA) and many state legislatures – but lost control of the U.S. House in 1994, narrowly lost control of the U.S. Senate again in 2002 (but still have enough seats to block legislation much), and lost control of the White House in the 2000 elections. While Democrats prominent execute the full range of the left, near-democratic socialist (Barbara Lee, Dennis Kucinich and the Congressional Progressive Caucus) and traditional liberals (Hillary Clinton, Nancy Pelosi and Ted Kennedy) to the center-right (Joe Lieberman, the Congressional Blue Dog Coalition and the New Democrat Network) on the right conservative Republican Party Style (Ralph Hall and Gene Taylor), most fall somewhere in the Democratic Leadership Council pragmatic centrist moderate to liberal style (Evan Bayh, Dick Gephardt, Tom Daschle).

Brief history of the Democratic Party

At the beginning of the century 21, the Democratic Party can look back on a proud history – a history not just of a political organization but a national vision. It is a vision based on the strength and power of millions of economic, social and various U.S. political activities. Over two hundred years ago, the founders of the parties democsatic was decided that wealth and social status, not a right to rule. They believed that wisdom and compassion can be found within each individual and a government stable should be based on a broad popular base.

The late Ron Brown – former Chairman of the Democratic Party – said it best when he wrote: "The common thread democratic history, from Thomas Jefferson to Bill Clinton, has been an abiding faith in the trial of America's working families, and a commitment to helping the excluded, the marginalized and the poor strengthen our nation by earning them a piece of the American Dream. Remember that this great nation was carved by immigrants and slaves, their children and grandchildren. "

Thomas Jefferson founded the Democratic Party in 1792 as a congressional committee to fight for the Charter Rights and against the elitist Federalist Party. In 1798, the "common man" was officially named the Democratic-Republican Party and in 1800 elected Jefferson as the first Democratic president of the United States. Jefferson served two distinguished terms and was followed by James Madison in 1808. Madison strengthened America armed – forces help to reaffirm American independence by defeating the British in the War of 1812. James Monroe was elected president in 1816 and led the U.S. to through a time commonly known as "The Era of Good Feeling" in which Democratic-Republicans served with little opposition.

Choice John Quincy Adams in 1824 was highly controversial and led to a four-way division among Democrats Republicans. One result of the division was the appearance of Andrew Jackson as a national leader. The war hero, considered – along with Jefferson – one of the founding fathers of the Democratic Party, organized his supporters in a degree unprecedented in American history. The Jacksonian Democrats created the national convention process, the party's platform, and reunified the Party Jackson Democrat wins in 1828 and 1832. It held its first National Convention in 1832 and appointed President Jackson for his second term. In 1844, the National Convention provided the name of the party with the Democratic Party.

In 1848, the National Convention established the Democratic National Committee, now the most old political organization in the world. The Convention charged the DNC with the responsibility of promoting "the Democratic cause" between the conventions and preparation for the next convention.

As the 19th century ended, the American electorate changed more and faster. The Democratic Party embraced the immigrants who flooded into cities and industrial centers, built a political base to bring it to mainstream America, and helped create the more powerful economic engine in history. Democratic Party leader William Jennings Bryan led a movement of agrarian reformers and supported the right of suffrage female regressive progressive income tax and direct election of senators. As America entered the 20th century, the Democrats became dominant in local urban politics.

In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became the first Democratic president of the 20th century. Wilson led the country through of the First World War, fought by the League of United Nations, established the Federal Reserve Board, and passed the first labor and child welfare laws.

A generation later, Franklin Roosevelt was elected president running on the promise of a "New Deal." Roosevelt took the United States of the Depression by looking beyond the Democratic base and energizing people around the belief that their government could actively assist them in times of need. Roosevelt's New Deal brought water to California's Central Valley, electrified Appalachia and saved farms in the Midwest. The Civilian Conservation Corps, WPA and Social Security all brought Americans into the system, freeing people from fear, giving people a stake in the future, making the nation stronger.

With the election of Harry Truman, Democrats began the fight to bring down the last barriers of race and gender. Truman integrated the military and oversaw the reconstruction Europe by establishing the Marshall Plan and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Truman's leadership paved the way for civil rights leaders followed.

In the 1960s, President John F. Kennedy challenged an optimistic nation to build on its great history. Kennedy proclaimed a New Frontier and dared Americans to put a man on the moon, created the Peace Corps, and negotiated a treaty banning atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. Lyndon Johnson followed Kennedy's example and worked to pass the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act. Kennedy and Johnson worked together to end the practice of segregation in many southern states. Next the Kennedy assassination, Johnson declared a War on Poverty and formed a series of Great Society programs, including the creation of Medicare – ensuring that older Americans receive quality health care.

In 1976, Jimmy Carter was elected president, helping to restore confidence in the nation to the government after the Watergate scandal. Among other things, Carter negotiated the peace accords historic Camp David between Egypt and Israel.

In 1992, Arkansas Gov. Bill Clinton was elected the 42nd President of the United States. President Clinton ran on the promise of a new Alliance the neglect of the U.S. working families. After twelve years of Republican presidents, America faced record budget deficits, high unemployment and rising crime. President Clinton's policies put people first and resulted in the longest period of economic expansion in history peacetime. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1993 – passed the House and Senate without a single Republican vote – put America on the path to fiscal responsibility and led at the end of perennial budget deficits. Having inherited a $ 290,000,000,000 deficit in 1992, President Clinton's last budget was over $ 200 billion in surplus. The Clinton / Gore Administration was responsible for reducing unemployment to its lowest level in decades and reducing crime in their levels lowest in a generation. In 1996, President Clinton became the first Democratic president reelected since Roosevelt in 1996. In 1998, Democrats became the first party control of the White House to gain seats in Congress during the sixth year of a presidential term since 1822.

In the 2000 elections, Democrats scored 4 additional Senate seats, one additional House seat, and one additional gubernatorial seat. Vice President Al Gore won the popular vote for president by more than 500,000 votes. In 2001, Democrats regained control of the Senate under most Tom Daschle, while Democrats swept every race in the country, including races for Virginia governor and lieutenant governor, governor of New Jersey, and 39 of the 42 major mayoral races including Los Angeles and Houston.

While we have accomplished many things – as a nation and a Party, we must go further in the 21st Century. We must work to produce all Americans into the fabric of our nation. The history of our next hundred years can be seen in the beautiful mosaic of America, from wheat fields Nebraska to the barrios of New York City, from the mountains of Colorado to the rocky coast of Maine. The U.S. Democratic Party's last best hope to overcome divisions of class, race, region, religion, ethnicity and sexual orientation. We will succeed if we governed by the same principles that have made States America the greatest nation on earth – the principles of strength, inclusion and opportunity. The Democratic Party is ready to take advantage of the opportunities we have and respond to the challenges we face.

The Democratic donkey

When Andrew Jackson ran for president in 1828, his opponents tried to label an ass "for his populist views and his slogan," The government of the people. "Jackson, however, reflected in his insults and turned it to their advantage by using the donkey on his campaign posters. During his presidency, the donkey was used to represent Jackson's stubbornness when he vetoed again to charter the National Bank.

The first time the donkey was used in a political cartoon to represent the Democratic Party was again in connection with Jackson. Although in 1837 Jackson was retired, he still regarded himself as party leader and was trying to get the donkey to go where he wanted to go. The caricature is entitled "A modern Baals his ass."

Interestingly, the person credited with getting the donkey widely accepted as a symbol Democratic Party probably had no prior knowledge of the associations. Thomas Nast, a famous political cartoonist, came to America with her parents in 1840 when he was six. The first time I used the donkey in an 1870 Harper's Weekly cartoon to represent the Copperhead "Press "Kicking a dead lion, symbolizing Lincoln's Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, who had recently died. Nast used the donkey to represent a faction anti-war with whom he disagreed, but the symbol caught the public's attention and the cartoonist continued using to indicate some Democratic editors and newspapers.

Later, Nast used the donkey to portray what he calls "Caesarism" showing the alleged Democratic uneasiness over a possible third term for Ulysses S. Grant. On this issue, Nast helped associate the elephant with the Republican party. Although the elephant had been connected with the Republican Party in cartoons that appeared in 1860 and 1872, it was Nast cartoon in 1874 published by Harper's Weekly that made the pachyderm stick as a symbol of the Republicans. A cartoon titled "The Panic third term," showed animals representing various issues running away from a donkey dressed with a lion's skin tagged "cease." The elephant named "Vote Republican" was coming to a well of inflation, chaos, repudiation, etc.

By 1880, the donkey was well established as a mascot for the Democratic Party. A cartoon about the Garfield-Hancock campaign in New York Daily Graphic showed the Democratic candidate mounted on a donkey, marching in a procession of crusaders.

Over the years, the donkey and the elephant have become the accepted symbols of the Democratic and Republican parties. While Democrats have never officially adopted the donkey as a symbol of the party, we have used various donkey designs on publications of recent years. The Republicans have actually adopted the elephant as their official symbol and use their design widely.

The Democrats think of the elephant as a clumsy, stupid, pompous and conservative – but the Republicans think it is dignified, strong and intelligent. On the other hand, Republicans regard the donkey as stubborn, silly and ridiculous – but the Democrats claim it is humble, friendly, intelligent, courageous and lovable.

Adlai Stevenson always one of the smartest descriptions symbol of the Republicans when he said: "The elephant has a thick skin, a head full of ivory, and as everyone have seen a circus parade knows, the best product by holding the tail of its predecessor. "

The Republican Party (RNC) today

Republicans control a slim majority in the U.S. House, several key governorships (including New York, TX, OH, GA, MA and FL), regained the White House in 2000, and almost regained majority status in the U.S. Senate in 2002. Top Republicans fall into several different ideological factions: traditional conservatives (the President George W. Bush, Denny Hastert, Bill Frist and the Club for Growth), the religious right (Trent Lott, John Ashcroft, the National Federation of Republican Assemblies and the Christian Coalition), the old Nixon / Rockefeller "centrist" or "moderate" wing (Colin Powell, George Pataki, a Republican from the street Home Association, the Republican Leadership Council and the current Republican Committee), and libertarians (Ron Paul and the group of republican liberty.)

Brief history of the Republican Party

The Republican Party was born in the early 1850s by the anti-slavery activists and individuals who believed that government should grant western lands to settlers free of charge. The first round group meeting took place in Ripon, Wisconsin, a small town northwest of Milwaukee.

The first official Republican meeting took place on July 6, 1854 in Jackson, Michigan. The name "Republican" was chosen because alluded to equality and reminded people of the Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson. At the Jackson convention, the new party adopted a platform and candidates nominated for office in Michigan.

In 1856, Republicans became a national party when John C. Fremont was nominated for the presidency under the slogan: "Free soil, free labor, free speech, free men, Fremont." Although they were considered a "third party" because the Democrats and Whigs represented the two-party system at the time, Fremont received 33% of the vote. Four years later, Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican to win the White House.

Civil war broke out in 1861 and lasted four years exhausting. During the war, against the advice of his cabinet, Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves. The Republicans of his time worked to pass the Thirteenth Amendment, banning slavery, the Fourteenth, which guarantees equal protection under the law, and the Fifteenth, which helped secure voting rights for African Americans.

The GOP also played a leading role in securing women the right to vote. In 1896, Republicans were the party stronger in favor of female suffrage. When 19 First Amendment was finally added to the Constitution, 26 of 36 state legislatures that had voted to ratify it were under Republican control. The first woman elected to Congress was a Republican, Jeanette Rankin of Montana in 1917.

Presidents during most of the nineteenth and early twentieth century were Republicans. While Democrats and Franklin Roosevelt tended to dominate American politics in the 1930s and 40s, in 28 of the forty years from 1952 to 1992, the White House in Republican hands – Under Presidents Eisenhower, Nixon, Ford, Reagan and Bush. In the last two, Reagan and Bush, the United States became the world's only superpower, winning the Cold War in the former Soviet Union and releasing millions from Communist oppression.

Behind all the elected officials and candidates of any political party are thousands of workers and volunteers who raise money, lick the envelopes and make phone calls that every winning campaign should have. The national party structure starts with the Republican National Committee. Each state has its own Republican State Committee with a Chairman and staff. The structure Republican goes up in neighborhoods, where a Republican precinct captain every Election Day organizes Republican workers to get out and vote.

Most states ask voters when they register to express party preference. Voters do not have to, but registration lists let the parties know exactly what voters want to be sure vote on Election Day. The fact registered as a Republican voters who do not need to vote that way – many voters split their tickets, vote for candidates of both parties. But the national party is composed of all registered Republicans in all 50 states. For the most part are the presidential primary voters and Republican caucuses. They are the heart and soul of the party.

The Republicans have a long and rich history with basic principles: Individuals, not government, can make the best decisions, all people are entitled to equal rights, and decisions are best made close to home.

The command Republican Party is the elephant. During the mid-term elections way back in 1874, the Democrats tried to scare voters thinking President Grant would be a period of unprecedented third term. Thomas Nast, a cartoonist for Harper's Weekly, is a Democratic donkey trying to scare a Republican elephant – and both symbols stuck.

Republicans has long been known as the "GOP" And party faithful thought it meant the "Grand Old Party. "But apparently the original meaning (in 1875) was" gallant old party. "And when automobiles were invented it also came to say "Get out and push." That remains a very good slogan for Republicans who depend every campaign year on the hard work of hundreds of thousands of volunteers out to vote and push people to support GOP causes.

Origin of the Republican elephant

This symbol of the Republican Party was born in the imagination of cartoonist Thomas Nast and first appeared in Harper's Weekly on November 7, 1874.

A 1860 issue of Railsplitter and a 1872 cartoon in Harper's Weekly connected elephants with Republicans, but it was Nast who provided the party with its symbol.

Oddly, two unconnected events led to the birth of the Republican elephant. New York Herald, James Gordon Bennett launched the cry of "Caesar" in relation with the possibility of an attempt thirdterm for President Ulysses S. Grant. The issue was considered by Democratic leaders in 1874, half from Grant's second term and just before of the midterm elections, and helped disaffect Republican voters.

While magazines are represented with a crown grant The Herald went into another circulation of works in an entirely different, nonpolitical area. This was the Central Park Zoo Scare of 1874, a hoax perpetrated by delicious Herald. They ran a story, totally untrue, that the animals at the zoo had broken loose and roamed the jungles of New York Central Park in search of prey.

Cartoonist Thomas Nast took the two examples of the Herald enterprise and put them together in a cartoon for Harper's Weekly. He showed an ass (symbolizing the Herald) Dress with the skin of a lion (the perspective of fear Caesarism) scare the animals in the forest (Central Park). The title quoted a familiar fable:

"A ass having put on the skin of a lion roaming the forest and amused himself by frightening all the foolish animals he met in his travels. "

One of the animals Fools in the cartoon was an elephant, representing the Republican vote – not the party, the Republican vote – which was being driven from its normal ties by the false scare cease. In a subsequent cartoon on November 21, 1874, after the election that the Republicans did badly, Nast followed up the idea of showing the elephant in a trap, illustrating the manner in which vote Republican had been decoyed from its normal allegiance. Other cartoonists picked up the symbol and the elephant soon ceased be the vote and became the party itself: the ass, now known as the donkey, made a natural transition from representing the Herald to representing the Democratic Party that had frightened the elephant.

THIRD:
(In alphabetical order)

America First Party

The region of America First Party was founded in the spring of 2002 by a large group of deserters Buchanan Brigade chipping away the decline of the Reform Party for form this new party, no social obligations of fair trade and conservative (with a solid foundation in the religious movement right). The views of the largely echo the taken by the commentator Pat Buchanan during his three presidential candidates. The AFP is dedicated to "protect our people and our sovereignty … to promote economic growth and independence … promote the traditional values of faith, family and responsibility … ensure equality before the law in the protection of the rights granted by the Creator … [Y] to clean up our corrupt political system. "A month after the founding of the AFP, the former ten chapters of the State Reform Party formally disbanded PR and members of the AFP. In August 2002 National Convention, the Armed Forces had affiliates in 20 states – and hopes to be organized in almost all 50 states in late 2003. Now those hopes seem dashed. The national president of the AIA, vice president and treasurer, have resigned in mid-2003 after a group affiliated with the hard right-wing militia movement leader Bo Gritz reportedly took control of the key elements in the party. Other members of the AFP denied this, saying the complaints Gritz mask were only a pretext to severe financial problems and personality divisions within the party that actually caused the collapse. So – for any reason – many parts state apparently left the national party AFP for the same reason. AIA National Convention – scheduled for July 2003 – was canceled. The party, even abandoned the possibility of fielding a presidential candidate in 2004. An AFP reported Buchananite faction will try to reorganize in early afternoon trading, 2003 – putting a greater emphasis on the creation of the strength of the state party.

Part of America

The AP is a very small, very conservative, the party split Christian formed after a pause for the American Independent Party in 1972. U.S. Senator Jesse Helms (R-NC) and Governor Mel Thomson (R-NH) both flirted with the American Party's presidential nomination in 1976, but both ultimately declined. The party won the most goal in presidential election 1976 – Tom Anderson nominated led to 161,000 votes (sixth place) – but now largely faded into almost total darkness. The party's 1996 presidential candidate – activist of anti-gay rights and attorney Diane Templin – carried just 1,900 votes. Former GOP senator from California Don Rogers – a candidate for President 2000 – Made worse because they failed to qualify for the ballot in any state. The party – which used to field a considerable amount of state and local candidates in the 1970 – rarely attends more than a handful of candidates throughout the country in recent years, despite the claim that they have local branches in 15 states. Beyond of pro-life, pro-gun views and anti-tax you expect to find, the Group of America also calls for an end to farm price support or subsidies, privatizing the U.S. Postal Service, opposes federal involvement in education, supports the abolition of the Agency for Environmental Protection, supports the repeal of NAFTA, opposes minimum wage laws, opposes the use of land and is opposed to the zoning regulations to convene a constitutional convention. Of course, the AP also opposes the United Nations, the New World Order, Communism, socialism and the Trilateral Commission.

American Heritage Party

The AHP, a former member of the State of Washington USTP Party / Constitution, that group disbanded in 2000 due to religious reasons (it ie, while the PP is clearly a religious right party, is not explicitly Christian party). Thus, the AHP is described as "a political party takes the Bible as its political system books and ashamed to be explicitly Christian … [Y], whose principles are drawn from the Scriptures. "The AHP is planned to become a national conservative party, with the ultimate goal of fielding candidates across the country in the coming years. The party had sent a candidate for Congress, Governor and local offices in Washington in 1998 – but stayed only a local candidate in 2000 and again in 2002.

Independent Party American

Governor George C. Wallace (D-AL), AIP founded and ran as the first presidential nominee in 1968. Running on a right-wing, anti-Washington, anti-racial integration, anti-communist platform, Wallace carried nearly 10 million votes (14%) and won five southern states. Although Wallace returned to the Democratic Party in 1970, the AIP are still living in – despite going further to the right. The 1972 AIP candidate, John Birch Society leader and Congressman John G. Schmitz (R-CA), brought about 1.1 million votes (1.4%). The 1976 AIP presidential candidate former Gov. Lester Maddox (D-GA), a vocal segregationist – but fell far short of total Schmitz votes. The AIP last sent his national presidential candidate in 1980 when white supremacist named former Congressman John Rarick (D-LA) – which led to only 41 000 votes nationwide. The AIP has its local candidates in some states – California, mostly – but now it's just a game of Party state affiliates the Constitution. Over the last three presidential elections, the AIP just co-nominated the candidate of the Constitution of the Presidency.

American Nazi Party

Exactly what the name implies … These are a group of Nazi soldiers, wearing swastika! This party is a combination of the fascist type Aryan Nations people, "White Power" and other racist skinheads in the ultra-radical political fringe. As a political party, American Nazi Party did not send a presidential candidate since Lincoln Rockwell ran as a write-in candidate in 1964 (he was assassinated in 1967 by a disgruntled member ANP) – Or any other candidate for other offices since the mid-1970s (although a loosely affiliated candidates ran for Congress in Illinois in the primary Democrats in 2000). The ANP believes in the establishment of an Aryan Republic where only the "people without mixture of white, non-Semitic, descendants of Europeans" may have citizenship. They support the immediate withdrawal of "Jews and non-whites out of all the socialist economic policies of government positions and public administration – and, finally, outside the country altogether. "This tiny game – while supposedly reporting of violence and illegal acts – mixtures of left, right-wing social fascism and strong totalitarian sentiments.

Reform Party of America

The ARP, formerly known as the National Reform Party Committee, was founded in September 1997. The ARP is a splinter group that broke away from Ross Perot and Russ Verney Reform Party, saying the organization Perot was out of focus and undemocratic when members' views clashed with the views of Perot. The ARP sent some candidates for state and federal charges in the "Reform Party" primary against candidates supported by the Perot Reform Party in 1998. The overthrow Perot's allies in control of the Reform Party national convention in July 1999 seemed a movement to end the division. However, restoration of control to the Perot forces in early 2000 and subsequent acquisition of subsidiaries by the State party Buchanan forces killed any movement by the people of ARP to join the Reform Party. In contrast, ARP ultimately shifted to the left and opted to "support" (but not co-nominate) for the Green Party, Ralph Nader, presidential candidate in 2000 elections. Since then, the ARP has almost become invisible in the political arena – fielding only four state and local candidates nationwide in 2002 (more co-support a number of candidates from a third party). The ARP is committed rebuild in the next election cycle.

American Christian Phalange Party

The CFPA seems to be the most active of the two Falange political parties in the U.S. (American Falange Party (AFP), then being the other). As for ideology, they share the historical roots and ideological generally expressed by the AFP – although the CFPA seems more closely related to Lebanese society Falange movement. The CFPA, founded in 1985, "is devoted to the fight against the 'Forces of Darkness ", which seeks to destroy Western Christian civilization." The site explicitly defined CFPA "Forces of Darkness "and" radical Islam, communism / socialism, the New World Order, the New Age movement, Third Position / neo-Nazis, Masons abortionists Euthanasianists, Homosexuals and Pornographers radicals. "Many attacks against Islam can be found throughout this site CFPA. However, despite this long list by enemies who want to destroy – umm, "defend" themselves against (the text they use) – the CFPA kindly notes that "not a hate organization and does not endorse violence or hatred toward those of differing or opposing views and lifestyles, or tolerate racism in any form. "In 1998, the CFPA and AFP together as a single entity – but the differences made to disarm, after two years. CFPA wants to be a movement of direct political action – and criticizes the AFP while composing mainly of "armchair patriots." The CFPA promises to "bring excitement to the boring American political scene." The CFPA is fielding a candidate is first 2004: CFPA National President Kurt Weber-Heller is running as a write-in candidate for President.

Communist Party USA

The CPUSA, once the servile instrument of propaganda and espionage network for the Soviet Central Committee, has undergone a transformation in recent years forced. Highly classified Soviet Politburo records, made public after the fall of Soviet communism, revealed that the Communist Party Soviet Union illegally funneled millions of dollars to the Communist Party to fund its activities from the 1920s to the 1980s. Flow dollars to the CPUSA Soviet Union came to an abrupt end when the communists were ousted from power in this country in 1991, ultimately causing a rethink CPUSA activities. Founded in 1924, the Communist Party reached its highest vote total in 1932 with candidate William Z. Foster (102,000 votes – 4th place). The last CPUSA national ticket – with the team of Gus Hall and Angela Davis – was sent in 1984 (36.000 votes – 8th place). While the party has not sent any of its direct own candidates for more than a decade, the Communist Party has supported some candidates in several local elections (often in industrial communities) and participate in organizations basic policies and the trade union. In the 1998 elections, the veteran leader of the American Communist Party Hall actually urged members to vote by all candidates for Congress Democrats – arguing that voting for any progressive third party candidate would undermine efforts to oust the "reactionary" Republicans from control of Congress. As for the issues, the Communist Party calls for universal free health care, the elimination of federal tax income on people earning less than $ 60,000 a year, free university education, drastic cuts in military spending, "massive" programs public works, the outlawing of "scabs and destroy unions," the abolition of corporate monopolies, public ownership of energy and basic industries, tax increases for large corporations and other rich countries' programs, and many designed to "overcome the power of the capitalist class … [And promote freedom] anti-imperialist struggles around the world. "The underlying CPUSA Communist ideology has not changed much over the years, but the tactics of party has undergone a major change (similar to those used by the Communist Party in late 1930). After the death of hard-line Communist leader in 2000 Hall, Gorbachev-like "Communist" reform activist Sam Webb assumed leadership of the American Communist Party. The CPUSA also maintains sites online newspaper Party People Weekly World, Political Affairs magazine monthly party, and the young communist CPUSA youth organization in the league.

Statutes Party

Former Nixon Administration official and president of the Coalition conservative Howard Phillips founded the U.S. Contributors Party in 1992 as a potential vehicle for Pat Buchanan to use as a third vehicle – which had agreed to split the Republican Party in 1992 or 1996. The multiple coupled USTP third party splintered right – including the once-powerful American Independent Party – a bigger, more visible political entity (although parts of state affiliates operate under other names that USTP). Renowned as the Constitution Party in 1999, the party is strongly pro-life, anti-gun control, anti-taxes, anti-immigration, protectionist, anti-New World Order ", against the United Nations, the anti-gay, anti-social, pro-school prayer … Religious Right basically a hardcore platform. When Buchanan stayed in the GOP, Phillips USTP unsuccessfully ran both in 1992 (on the ballot in 21 states – 43 000 votes – 0.04%) and 1996 (points in 39 states vote – 185,000 votes – 6th place – 0.2%) – and as the Constitution candidate in 2000 (on the ballot in 41 states – 98 000 votes – 6th place – 0.1%). The party began to show local candidates in 1994. However, for a new third party attempting to grow, the party fielded disappointingly few local candidates since 1998. The website includes the platform of the Party Constitution, articles, files, links and more. The party received a short pulse in the media when conservative U.S. Senator Bob Smith – an announcement of the Republican Party presidential candidate – bolted the Republican Party to seek the nomination in the Constitution Party 2000 (although Smith left the Party Constitution race just two weeks later). In the national convention of 1999, the strictly approved a controversial change to the preamble to their platform which declared "that the foundation of our political position and start engine our political activity is our full submission and unshakable faith in our Savior and Redeemer, our Lord Jesus Christ "- Although the official party invites" all citizens of all religions "to participate actively in the party. Any national candidate seeking party nomination explicitly required to have the convention any area of disagreement with the party's platform. In the spring of 2002, 2000 by Pat Buchanan VP runningmate Ezola Foster and many leaders of the Reform Party of California Maryland and defected to the Party Constitution, providing a huge boost to the party. In a blow to the party, many of the followers of Buchanan's career began in 2000 almost identical up America First Party in 2002 (although it seemed implode within a year after). Young Constitutionalists are the youth wing party.

Constitutional Action Party

The PAC is a small party Religious Right who wants to abolish the tax federal income tax, prohibition of abortions, end affirmative action, to impose protective tariffs on trade, fight pornography and end federal involvement in education. PAC founder Frank Creel Politics1 wrote in January 1999 that the CAP "has had virtually no success since its founding 1995. No local chapters in any place, any candidate for office with no prospect of running a presidential candidate in 2000. There is little or no prospect that we will be able enter into an agreement anytime soon. … Only one species of economic or other disasters occur favorable conditions for the emergence of a new party. "Without But the CAP keeps small online web page and recently updated the design. The PAC sent its first candidate in 2002, when Frank ran PAC Chairman Creel for Congress in VA.

Family Values Party

This ultra-conservative, theocratic party seems to exist mainly to promote federal common applications Wells, founder of the party, Tom. Wells explained that God spoke directly to him in his room on December 25, 1994 at 2:00 am and "ordered him to start" the FVP. To be exact, Wells said that God specifically told people to stop paying taxes until the funding public of the purposes of abortion. FVP political platform is largely derived from religious fundamentalists, including many specific citations of passages from the Bible. This "party" remains largely an alter-ego of Wells – that always seems to be running as a write-in candidate for President or Congress (or both).

Party / Radical Women Freedom Socialist

The FSP – formed in 1966 by a splinter group of dissident Trotskyists of the Socialist Party split Workers – are described as "revolutionary internationalist feminist … in the living tradition of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Trotsky." That is why also refer to their entity as "Radical Women." They use the typical heavy-handed rhetoric is in the most ultra-left sites (for example, " the masses will sweep all obstacles from your path and ascend toward the socialist future "). The FSP is party organizations in the U.S., Canada and Australia. In 1998, the FSP sent a handful of local candidates in Washington, California and New York. The FSP did not send a presidential candidate.

Grassroots Party

Originally released as a liberal party based in Minnesota, the small GRP supporters of legalization of marijuana, promotes the cultivation of hemp and establishment of a national system of universal health care (among other things). In general ideology, the GRP is very similar to the Greens – but with much emphasis higher in the marijuana and hemp legalization issues. The GRP has sent its first presidential candidate – Dennis Peron – In 1996 (5.400 votes). In 1996, he won the GRP permanent "significant part" on the ballot in Vermont. Vermont's subsidiary was initially more libertarian and "states rights" oriented philosophy who left their sister party in Minnesota (linked above) – and 2000 presidential candidate Lane, Denny, came from this group (on the ballot in one state and captured only 1044 votes – 12th place – 0.001%). Since 1996, most of the activists jumped GRP Minnesota or Green Party or the Democratic People's Caucus. In 2002, many of Vermont libertarian-leaning leaders GRP bolted to the Libertarian Party – a move that restored the faction of Vermont to be left largely marijuana / Event the legalization of hemp. The remains of the Minnesota fiber was dissolved and merged into the Liberal Party of Minnesota in 2002.

Party U.S. Green Party (Green)

The Green Party – the U.S. affiliate left informal, the environmental movement European Greens – Was a major achievement when consumer advocate Ralph convinced prominent Nader to run as its first presidential candidate in 1996. Spending a little more than $ 5,000, Nader was on the ballot in 22 states and carried over 700,000 votes (fourth place – 0.8%). In 2000, Nader raised millions of dollars, mobilized leftist activists and occupied national headlines with its message of anti-corporate campaign. Nader ignored the pleas of the Liberal Democrats out of the race because it was diverting critical votes away from Al Gore campaign – responding to Gore was not substantially different from what Bush and his campaign is about building a permanent third. In the end, Nader was on the ballot in 44 states and finished third with 2.878 million votes (2.7%) – apparently to deprive Gore of victory in some key states. More significantly, Nader missed the mark important 5% of the national vote, which means that the party still will not be eligible for federal funding in 2004 (Note: third run Nader is possible as he said "I have not ruled to go in 2004" in February 2002). Until 2001, the Greens are largely a collection of largely autonomous state or local policies based only on a weak (and sometimes chipped) the structure of national leadership that largely serve to coordinate the election activities. This faction – formerly called the Association of State Green Parties (ASGP) – is the largest and the most moderate of the two unrelated parties Verde. The ASGP voted in 2001 to become an umbrella organization coordinating a unified formal party organization and national levels. Other useful links Green party and the can also be found in the Green Parties of North America (unofficial), Green Information (unofficial), Green Pages (official online magazine) Green Party movement News (official – recent news clippings about the party) and Green Party Election Results site (Unofficial). The youth wing of the party Campus Greens is the official. Strong local Green Parties exist – a condition to vote – in a handful of states. The Green Party Platform 2000 provides the official views of the party. The Green Alliance is an officially sanctioned club, national network of Green Party policy.

The Greens / USA Green Party (G / GPU)

The G / GPU is the oldest, smallest and most strident left of the two Green parties. While GPUs also nominated Nader for president in 2000, Nader rejected the G / nomination GPUs and hugged the other Green Party. Prominent Nader campaign strategist Jim Hightower describes the two factions following Green way in 2001: "There are two Green Party organizations – the [Green Party USA] whose appointment Ralph accepted and the much smaller one [G / GPUs] … outside … [With] all kinds of ideas, almost damned communist. "Some in the G / GPUs protested that Hightower comments were a bit unfair – but read the G / GPU Platform 2000 and decide for yourself. While the Green Party and the rival G / GPUs seem to be very similar – defending tactics (Some ideological) differences and somehow compete with the demands on the holder of the national movement towards Green. The G / GPU greatly emphasizes direct action tactics of the traditional electoral policy. A majorty of G / GPUs delegates voted that the party of the Convention of 2001 to merge the U.S. Green Party – But ultimately, the motion failed for lack of the necessary two thirds majority. That result meant that many of the G / activists to jump GPUs independently from the U.S. Green Party – Can form a new left within the Green Party U.S. – And leaving the G / GPUs decreased significantly as a dogmatic and more Marxist.

Independence Party

After two years of open hostility with allies in the Ross Perot of the Reform Party, Minnesota Gov. Jesse Ventura and his supporters ran from the launch party of the new Independence Party in February 2000. In departing, Ventura denounced the Reform Party as "desperately dysfunctional "and too far to the right (in its embrace of the candidacy of Pat Buchanan). Although this splinter party called the Reform Party shared for finance campaign and other political reforms, the organization of Ventura does not agree with the more socially conservative and protectionist trade views espoused by many new leaders in the Reform Party. Intellectual property – which is entirely under the control of Ventura and his allies – is described as "social integration and fiscally responsible. "Like Ventura, the IP is in favor of abortion, pro-gay rights, pro-medical marijuana, pro-gun rights and fiscally moderate. The PI sent a list of congressional candidates and the state of Minnesota in 2000. Ventura said he hoped to take advantage of Minnesota this national and possibly a field in the 2004 Presidential nominee. However, since 2002, the IP had fledgling organization affiliated parties in only a handful states. Ventura's decision retirement in 2002 was also a blow to the IP. See Congressman Tim Penny – a former Democrat – was the candidate intellectual property for the governor of Minnesota in 2002, but finished a distant third. Also in 2002, IP co-founder Dean Barkley became the first member intellectual property to serve in Congress when Ventura appointed him to the U.S. Senate two months to complete a term left open by the death of the holder. The Independence Party's campus network is the student wing of the party.

American Independent Party

The small party American Independent has existed for years in several western states – a remnant of the end of the once powerful Alabama Gov. George Wallace's American Independent Party time 1968-1972. The conversion of IAP unaffiliated state party organizations – linked by a common ideology Religious Right (similar to the Constitution Party) – A national organization IAP was an effort initiated in 1998 by Utah members of IAP. The Idaho and Nevada IAP IAP later affiliated to the nascent United States, at the end of IAP 1998 … and the party created small chapters in 15 other states since then. The various parts of the state approved IAP Constitution Party candidate Howard Phillips for president In 1996 and 2000. In December 2000, national president of PIA issued a statement noting that third parties in general showed a "lamentable" performance presidential election – and questioned the future role of PIA in presidential campaigns. Instead, he suggested that the IAP is limited to congressional races, state and local authorities in the future. In 2001, the IAP membership voted officer of the Independent National Committee (INC), an organization that brings together like-minded others. On the basis of that membership, the IAP in 2002 "adopted" more than 50 candidates from various other conservative parties.

Labor Party

The Working Group is a liberal organization founded in 1996 by a considerable group of unions as the United Mine Workers, Longshoremen, American Federation State Employees, California Nurses Association and many local labor unions. The party says it was formed because "the most important issues for people work – trade, health care and the right to organize, bargain and strike – both Democrats and Republicans have failed the workers. "Ideologically, appear near the style of late, the job of Vice President Hubert Humphrey used and U.S. Senator Scoop Jackson wing of the decade 1960 about the Democratic Party. A new party, which adopted its first state and federal candidates in 1998 in Wyoming (Green / Labour Alliance) – And two candidates in local races in California and Ohio, in 2001 – but none since. This group appears to be closely aligned ideologically Match New. The Labor Party has adopted a policy of "running candidates for positions where they can help to enact and implement laws and policies for the benefit of the class working and can best advance the goals and priorities of the Labour Party. "The party is also involved in local and state ballot. The Group It held a national convention in 2002 and seems to be making some efforts to revive itself as a forum for discussion of issues.

Party Libertarian

The LP, founded in 1971, bills itself as "America's third largest." Libertarians are neither left nor right … they believe in total individual liberty (pro-drug legalization, pro-abortion, pro-gay marriage, schooling for home, anti-gun control etc) and total economic freedom (anti-social, anti-government regulation of business, the wages of minimum combat against the "income tax, pro-free trade, etc..) LP advocates a classical laissez faire ideology which, in his view, means "more freedom, less government and less taxes. "More than 400 members currently have several LP – although fairly low level – Government offices (including many minor officials designated as" Facilities School District Task Force members "and" Recycle City Member of the Committee). Normally candidates, LP fields more local than any other U.S. third party – Although the LP has clearly been eclipsed in size by the Greens since 1996 in terms of having the third largest party and received the following increased media attention. Ex 1988 LP presidential candidate Ron Paul is now a Republican congressman from Texas – even though Paul is active with the LP. The biggest problem LP: Ron Paul, former NM Governor Gary Johnson, PJ O'Rourke, the Republican Liberty Caucus and others in the Republican Party are working to attract ideological libertarians in the political arena – arguing that libertarian can deliver change more easily under the Republican label. LP candidate for president Ed Clark carried over 921 000 votes (1.1%) in 1980. After the nominees for the next twelve years, although not as strong as Clark, generally ran ahead of party candidates most other third parties. LP candidate Harry Browne for president carried over 485 000 votes (5th place – 0.5%) in 1996 and 386 000 votes in 2000 (fifth place – 0.4%). The LP has affiliates in 50 states. The website features LP with a link to the World's smallest political quiz … take the test and see if you are a libertarian (a bit simplistic – but interesting as well). Stay informed on the latest LP news reading online Libertarian Party News. College Libertarians also maintain a web directory. A reform "faction" (Anti-Browne) within the party who tried to wrest control in 1999-2000 out of the traditional leadership (pro-Browne), claiming that the faction that controls between incumbents have serious ethical conflicts of interest in terms that favored consultants receive the most money of the LP (note: owners denied the charges and the control of top posts held from PL … but this internal dissension, it is to continue for a long time). Other sites related are: American Liberty Foundation (group Browne) and GrowTheLP.org (LP length).

Light Party

The Light Group it is a liberal party in general – in a place between the Greens and New Age feel of the Natural Law Party – and seem very centered around the party's founder "Da Vid, MD, holistic human and ecological artist" (he was also a write-in candidate for president in 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004 – and apparently the only visible leader of the party). platform, this part of San Francisco, promotes holistic medicine, national health insurance, organic foods, solar, nuclear disarmament and a flat tax. Da Vid the claims of the party has "millions" of supporters – but he has all the supporting every position taken by the party. The party does not seriously seek to elect candidates, but the advancement of an agenda. Not that it has nothing to do with politics, but the game does not sell a nice relaxation CD New Age music.

Natural Law Party

Along with Libertarian Party, the NLP has been gaining votes in recent years (although it lost some ground in the 2000 elections). The NLP – under the slogan "Bring the Light of science in politics "and the use of colorful images – advocates holistic approaches, Transcendental Meditation (TM)," yogic flying, " and other peaceful purposes "New Era" and "scientific" remedies for much of our national and international problems. Nuclear physicist John Hagelin NLP was the presidential candidate in 1992 (on the ballot in 32 eyes – 39 000 votes – 0.04%), 1996 (ballot status in 44 states – 7th place – 110,000 votes – 0.1%) and 2000 (on the ballot in 39 eyes – 7th place – 83 000 votes – 0.08%). Hagelin and NLP also made a failed attempt to take control of the Reform Party in the course of 2000 campaign – in collaboration with Perot forces to thwart the efforts of Pat Buchanan – although NLP attracted some supporters of the dissident factions within the decay Reform Party. NLP also made a short grab for control of the Green Party, but that effort failed quickly. In the end, the Reformation and the Green movement 2000, Hagelin helped capture a bunch of headlines but produced fewer results for the match in the 1996 campaign. In 2002, the PNL tried a new strategy stealthy infiltration by executing NLP activists as candidates in the various labels and PNL parties, Democrat, Republican, Green and Libertarian. In 2004, NLP is actively supporting the presidential candidacy of Rep. Dennis Kucinich. Kucinich shares the "New Era" and has views Hageling and close ties with national leaders in Iowa NLP. Although started in the U.S., there are now affiliated NLP worldwide. In addition to domestic tickets, NLP fields regularly fields a lot of congressional and local candidates across the country. NLP was founded by followers of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (the founder TM movement – a movement that some have labeled a cult) – and many of these TM / Maharishi people still play an important role in leadership, although the PNL now says that many others outside the TM movement are also active in the current PNL leadership. The youth branch of NLP is the Natural Law Party Students' Club. The Institute Science, Technology and Public Policy of reflection is also closely related to NLP.

New Party

The Left party advocates a "democratic revolution" to advance the cause of "social, economic and political progress" in United States. Their agenda is much in the style of the Western European socialist and labor movement – and in some ways similar to the late 1990s he formed the Labor Party (But the NP has control over growth prospects in environmental issues). Instead of aligning their own national list or local candidates, the New Party has been related largely endorsed candidates from other parties (mainly pro-union Democrats such as Chicago Congressman Danny K. Davis) and focuses on grassroots organizing. A fun question: if the New Party is 50, will change the name of the Parte Vieja (Or the "fifties" party)? The New Party, to date, has approved nearly 400 candidates in local elections across the country, and has active chapters affiliated in some communities. The NP site details the long-term strategy party.

New Union Party

Founded in 1980 by defectors from the Socialist Labor Party, the militant DeLeonist democratic socialist party "advocates of political and social revolution" but denounces violence and is "committed to the activities lawful to overthrow the capitalist economic system. "The NUP candidate sent his first in 1980 – but has sent some candidates since then. The site presents the party's history, an archive of previous articles and online a "Marxist Study Course."

Peace and Freedom Party

Founded in the 1960s as a leftist party opposed the Vietnam War, the party reached its peak of support in 1968 when nominated Black Panther leader Eldridge Cleaver for President. Despite a convicted felon, Cleaver carried nearly 37,000 votes (ironically, Cleaver ultimately became Republican Reagan in early 1980 – then to a crack addict in the late 1980s – becoming an environmental activist in the late 1990s). The famous "baby" Dr Benjamin Spock – a staunch opponent of the Left and the Vietnam War – was the PFP presidential candidate in 1972. From then, the small party has been largely dominated to fight against factions of the Marxist-Leninists (aligned with the World Workers Party), Trotskyists and non-communist left-wing activists. The PFP is small today, with activities focused primarily in California. In 1996, the PFP failed to block an attempt by the WWP to capture the presidential nomination of the PFP (and a polling place in California) to nominate the candidate of his party. In a sign of serious deterioration of party support, poor indication of the PFP in the 1998 elections throughout the state caused the party will lose its ballot status in California. Similarly, they were unable to retrieve the rating official ballot by the successive attempts of the petition for 2000 and 2002 elections. However, the PFP finally regained ballot status in 2003 – and already in 2004 to nominate candidates for Congress and other offices.

Prohibition Party

"If you're a conservative reformer and not a drinker, the Prohibition Party wants you," exclaimed an official message from the party in 2002. The Prohibition Party – founded in 1869, billing themselves as "the oldest party in America III" – Hardline general defends a Christian social agenda mixed with the fight against drugs and international views anti-communist. The sample was strongest party in 1892, when John Bidwell received almost 273 000 votes (2.3% – 4th place). Long-time party activist Earl F. Dodge has run as the Prohibition Party's presidential candidate in 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, and again in 2004. Dodge received only 208 votes in 2000 – the party the worst electoral showing ever. The party also fields a limited number of local candidates from time to time – but 2002 was the first time since the 1860s that the party failed to field any candidates for any public office. An additional organization related to the parties is the Partisan Prohibition Historical Society, a group of party activists (something independent of the control Dodge), who want to turn the party's policy prohibiting law. People struggle against Dodge – led by the new National President Don Webb – appear to have snatched control of the party in the fall of 2003 and now have been degraded to be fair party Dodge "provisional" candidate for President. This is largely a matter of semantics, as Dodge will run as the candidate of the party and the second leg if that ensures the ballot in some states. If he does not win on the ballot, the who undertakes to hold a new nominating convention in spring 2004 to elect a new ticket. Howeverm all this in fighting could result in the part presidential candidate on the ballot for the first time since 1872.

Reform Party

Once fast-growing third populist Reform Party shifted to the right in recent years – but then experienced massive waves of conservative defections away in the Constitution Party and the new America First Party in 2002. First, some history: after running as an independent in 1992, billionaire Texas businessman Ross Perot he founded the Reform Party in 1995 as his vehicle to convert his movement into a political party independent permanent. In 1996, Perot ran as presidential candidate Reform Party (8.085 million votes – 8%). Despite an impressive showing for a third, which was much less than the 19 million votes as an independent candidate Perot took in 1992. The party traditionally reflected center-Perot conservative fiscal policies and views anti-GATT/NAFTA – while avoiding taking any official position on social issues (although much of this group seemed to hold libertarian views in general, social). The RP was hit by a prolonged period of unpleasant ideological battles over the 1998-2000 period includes three main rival groups: the "Old Guard" Perot faction, more liberal faction Jesse Ventura and social conservative Pat Buchanan faction. A fourth group – a small but vocal faction Marxist militant led by Lenora Fulani PO – general, accompanied by Perot faction in these struggles. To make this even more confusing, the Perot faction ultimately turned to Natural Law and candidate Maharishi follower John Hagelin as "Stop Buchanan" candidate for the presidency. After several nasty battles and the public, the Ventura faction quit the RP in the spring 2000 and the former Perot faction lost control of the party in court that Buchanan's faction in the fall of 2000 (and ultimately supported Perot Bush for President in 2000). That gave the party Buchanan Brigade $ 12,600,000 in federal funds. Within months, Buchanan allies gained control of almost the entire party organization. Along with the rise of Buchanan in the party, the party took a hard ideological shift to the right – an ideological realignment that continues to dominate PR. Following the 2000 elections, it is clear that Buchanan failed in its attempt to establish a viable organization, conservative parties (composed largely of disenchanted Republicans.) Buchanan was on the ballot in 49 states and captured 449,000 votes (fourth place – 0.4%) – and later told reporters that his foray third policy may have been an error. His shows weak also means that the party is not eligible for federal funding in 2004. The new RP had the opportunity become the third largest party social conservative (think of it as a green party to the right) – but internal conflicts made it impossible. In the spring of 2002, former VP runningmate Ezola Foster Buchanan and California and Maryland leaders jumped RP Constitution Party. Almost at the same time, all leaders in almost PO 20 states (the core of the Buchanan Brigade people) dropped out en masse to form the new America First Party – delivering a demoralizing and devastating blow future viability of the RP. The remaining parts of the RP now seem to be trying to reorganize back to a more centrist party – similar to the original Perot wanted to create in the 1990s. But – without the participation of Perot (and pockets) – even a new centrist RP rebuild can cause serious problems. Another official site of PR is the State Party Organizations / SAPS.

The Revolution

This party – simply called "The Revolution" – seems to be an ideological hybrid between libertarianism and environmentalism, with a dash of New Deal liberal views thrown into the mix. The 20-point platform calls Revolution legalizing all victimless crimes (drugs, prostitution, etc), use of clean energy to stop global warming, large reductions taxes, an end ot corporate welfare, military spending cuts, an emphasis on human rights in foreign policy decisions, the abolition of the CIA, funding state of science to encourage "altruistic scientific and technological projects," and the promise to "repeal five times as many laws as we passed. "The party's leader – a digital culture journalist and cyberprankster that uses the pen name RU Sirius – He whimsical writing in the tender for the presidency in 2000.

Socialist Party USA

The SPUSA are true democratic socialists – promoting electoral change left against militant revolutionary change. Many SP members can easily be members of the leftist faction of the Democratic Party. Unlike most other political parties on this page with "socialist" in their names, the SP has always been

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